// Fig. 4.23: fig04_23.cpp
// Double-subscripted array example.
#include <iostream>
    
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::fixed;
using std::left;
    
#include <iomanip>
   
using std::setw;
using std::setprecision;
   
const int students = 3;   // number of students
const int exams = 4;      // number of exams
   
// function prototypes
int minimum( int [][ exams ], int, int );
int maximum( int [][ exams ], int, int );
double average( int [], int );
void printArray( int [][ exams ], int, int );
   
int main()
{
  // initialize student grades for three students (rows)
  int studentGrades[ students ][ exams ] = 
    { { 77, 68, 86, 73 },
      { 96, 87, 89, 78 },
      { 70, 90, 86, 81 } };
   
  // output array studentGrades
  cout << "The array is:\n";
  printArray( studentGrades, students, exams );
   
  // determine smallest and largest grade values
  cout << "\n\nLowest grade: "
       << minimum( studentGrades, students, exams ) 
       << "\nHighest grade: "
       << maximum( studentGrades, students, exams ) << '\n';
   
  cout << fixed << setprecision( 2 );
   
  // calculate average grade for each student
  for ( int person = 0; person < students; person++ )
    cout << "The average grade for student " << person 
	 << " is " 
	 << average( studentGrades[ person ], exams ) 
	 << endl;
   
  return 0;  // indicates successful termination
   
} // end main
   
// find minimum grade
int minimum( int grades[][ exams ], int pupils, int tests )
{
  int lowGrade = 100; // initialize to highest possible grade
   
  for ( int i = 0; i < pupils; i++ ) 
   
    for ( int j = 0; j < tests; j++ ) 
   
      if ( grades[ i ][ j ] < lowGrade )
	lowGrade = grades[ i ][ j ];
   
  return lowGrade;
   
} // end function minimum
   
// find maximum grade
int maximum( int grades[][ exams ], int pupils, int tests )
{
  int highGrade = 0;  // initialize to lowest possible grade
   
  for ( int i = 0; i < pupils; i++ )
   
    for ( int j = 0; j < tests; j++ )
   
      if ( grades[ i ][ j ] > highGrade )
	highGrade = grades[ i ][ j ];
   
  return highGrade;
   
} // end function maximum
   
// determine average grade for particular student            
double average( int setOfGrades[], int tests )               
{                                                            
  int total = 0;                                            
                                                                
  // total all grades for one student                       
  for ( int i = 0; i < tests; i++ )                         
    total += setOfGrades[ i ];                             
                                                                
  return static_cast< double >( total ) / tests;  // average
                                                                
} // end function maximum
        
  // Print the array
void printArray( int grades[][ exams ], int pupils, int tests )
{
  // set left justification and output column heads
  cout << left << "                 [0]  [1]  [2]  [3]";
  
  // output grades in tabular format
  for ( int i = 0; i < pupils; i++ ) {
  
    // output label for row
    cout << "\nstudentGrades[" << i << "] ";
  
    // output one grades for one student
    for ( int j = 0; j < tests; j++ )
      cout << setw( 5 ) << grades[ i ][ j ];
  
  } // end outer for
  
} // end function printArray