{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Matplotlib Styles and Colors"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "You need to first install matplotlib with\n",
    "\n",
    "`conda install matplotlib`\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# numpy\n",
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "# matplotlib\n",
    "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
    "import matplotlib.cbook\n",
    "from matplotlib.colors import ListedColormap\n",
    "# To show the plots in the notebook\n",
    "%matplotlib inline\n",
    "# Cycler\n",
    "from cycler import cycler"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Styles\n",
    "\n",
    "On style sheets in Matplotlib: \n",
    "- https://matplotlib.org/users/customizing.html\n",
    "- https://matplotlib.org/stable/gallery/style_sheets/style_sheets_reference.html"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "See the default cycle of colors"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "plt.rcParams['axes.prop_cycle']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "x = np.arange(5)\n",
    "y = np.arange(5)\n",
    "fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(5, 5))\n",
    "for i in range(6):\n",
    "    ax.plot(x+i, y-i)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Change colors of the default cycle and add line styles"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "plt.rcParams['axes.prop_cycle'] = (cycler('color', ['r', 'g', 'b', 'y']) + cycler(linestyle=['-', '--', ':', '-.']))\n",
    "plt.rcParams['axes.prop_cycle']"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(5, 5))\n",
    "for i in range(6):\n",
    "    ax.plot(x+i, y-i)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Define a function that plots a number of colored circles"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def plot_colored_circles(num_circles=6):\n",
    "    \"\"\"Plot circle patches. Adapted from \n",
    "    https://matplotlib.org/stable/gallery/style_sheets/style_sheets_reference.html\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    prng = np.random.RandomState(123)\n",
    "    fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(5, 5))\n",
    "    for sty_dict, j in zip(plt.rcParams['axes.prop_cycle'], range(num_circles)):\n",
    "        ax.add_patch(plt.Circle(prng.uniform(low=-5, high=5, size=2),\n",
    "                                radius=1.0, color=sty_dict['color']))\n",
    "    ax.set_xlim([-6, 6])\n",
    "    ax.set_ylim([-6, 6])\n",
    "    ax.set_aspect('equal', adjustable='box')  # to plot circles as circles\n",
    "    plt.show()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "plot_colored_circles()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "List all styles in Matplotlib"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "plt.style.available"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Change styles"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "plt.style.use('ggplot')\n",
    "plot_colored_circles()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "plt.style.use('dark_background')\n",
    "plot_colored_circles()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "The 'dark_background' style should not have gridlines - they are left over from the 'ggplot' style. We need to reset the style first. "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Define a function to properly reset the style"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def change_style(style_name='default'):\n",
    "    # To reset the style\n",
    "    plt.rcParams.update(plt.rcParamsDefault) \n",
    "    # To restart the inline backend \n",
    "    %matplotlib inline                       \n",
    "    plt.style.use(style_name)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "change_style('dark_background')\n",
    "plot_colored_circles()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "change_style('fivethirtyeight')\n",
    "plot_colored_circles()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "change_style('tableau-colorblind10')\n",
    "plot_colored_circles()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "change_style('Solarize_Light2')\n",
    "plot_colored_circles()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "change_style('fast')\n",
    "plot_colored_circles()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Colors\n",
    "\n",
    "On color maps in Matplotlib:\n",
    "- https://matplotlib.org/stable/users/explain/colors/colormaps.html"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Define a function that plots a discretized color map"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def plot_color_map(cmap, num_colors=7):\n",
    "    \"\"\"Plot the color map with the given number of colors\"\"\"\n",
    "    data = np.atleast_2d(np.arange(num_colors))\n",
    "    plt.imshow(data, cmap=cmap, vmin=0, vmax=num_colors-1)\n",
    "    plt.yticks([])\n",
    "    plt.show()    "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Choose a categorical color map"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "plot_color_map(plt.get_cmap('Set1_r'))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Define categorical colorblind safe colors as in http://mkweb.bcgsc.ca/colorblind/palettes.mhtml#conservative-8-color-palette-for-colorbliness"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# List the colors\n",
    "safe_colors = [\n",
    "    (  0,   0,   0),\n",
    "    (230, 159,   0),\n",
    "    ( 86, 180, 233),\n",
    "    (  0, 158, 115),\n",
    "    (240, 228,  66),\n",
    "    (  0, 114, 178),\n",
    "    (213,  94,   0),\n",
    "    (204, 121, 167),\n",
    "]\n",
    "# Normalize [0, 255]^3 RGB space to [0, 1]^3\n",
    "for i in range(len(safe_colors)):    \n",
    "    r, g, b = safe_colors[i]    \n",
    "    safe_colors[i] = (r / 255., g / 255., b / 255.)  \n",
    "# Create a listed color map\n",
    "safe_map = ListedColormap(safe_colors, name='colorblind-safe')\n",
    "plot_color_map(safe_map)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Choose a sequential color map"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "plot_color_map(plt.get_cmap('viridis'))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "plot_color_map(plt.get_cmap('viridis_r'))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Choose a diverging color map"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "plot_color_map(plt.get_cmap('RdBu'))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "plot_color_map(plt.get_cmap('RdBu_r'))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Use existing color maps to draw the colored circles"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "cmap = plt.get_cmap('viridis')\n",
    "num_colors = 5\n",
    "plt.rcParams['axes.prop_cycle'] = cycler('color', [cmap(i) for i in range(num_colors + 1)])\n",
    "plot_colored_circles()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "cmap = plt.get_cmap('viridis')\n",
    "num_colors = 5\n",
    "plt.rcParams['axes.prop_cycle'] = cycler('color', [cmap(1.0 * i / num_colors) for i in range(num_colors + 1)])\n",
    "plot_colored_circles()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
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