function trans = fitAffineTransform3d(ref, src)
%FITAFFINETRANSFORM3D Compute the affine transform that best register two 3D point sets.
%
%   TRANS = fitAffineTransform3d(REF, SRC)
%   Returns the affine transform matrix that minimizes the distance between
%   the reference point set REF and the point set SRC after transformation.
%   Both REF and SRC must by N-by-3 arrays with the same number of rows,
%   and the points must be in correspondence.
%   The function minimizes the sum of the squared distances:
%   CRIT = sum(distancePoints3d(REF, transformPoint3d(PTS, TRANSFO)).^2);
%
%   Example
%     N = 50;
%     pts = rand(N, 3)*10;
%     trans = createRotationOx([5 4 3], pi/4);
%     pts2 = transformPoint3d(pts, trans);
%     pts3 = pts2 + randn(N, 3)*2;
%     fitted = fitAffineTransform3d(pts, pts2);
%   
%
%   See also 
%     transforms3d, transformPoint3d, transformVector3d,
%     fitAffineTransform2d, registerPoints3d_affine
%

% ------
% Author: David Legland
% E-mail: david.legland@inrae.fr
% Created: 2009-07-31, using Matlab 7.7.0.471 (R2008b)
% Copyright 2009-2024 INRAE - Cepia Software Platform

% number of points 
N = size(src, 1);
if size(ref, 1) ~= N
    error('Requires the same number of points for both arrays');
end

% main matrix of the problem
tmp = [src(:,1) src(:,2) src(:,3) ones(N,1)];
A = [...
    tmp zeros(N, 8) ; ...
    zeros(N, 4) tmp zeros(N, 4) ; ...
    zeros(N, 8) tmp ];

% conditions initialisations
B = [ref(:,1) ; ref(:,2) ; ref(:,3)];

% compute coefficients using least square
coefs = A\B;

% format to a matrix
trans = [coefs(1:4)' ; coefs(5:8)'; coefs(9:12)'; 0 0 0 1];
