Schema della sezione

    • Marine conservation File PDF

      Historical trend in marine conservation. Evolution of the concept of marine conservation. Differences between terrestrial and marine conservation strategies. Conservation targets. SLOSS debate. Size of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) and conservation targets. Protection and environmental risk. Shape of MPAs. Spacing. Environmental context and socio-economic constraints. Zonation withtin MPAs and protection regimes. Main factors affecting MPAs implementation. MPAs in the global ocean: distribution and features. Conservation in the Mediterranean Sea and Italy. Regulation. Monitoring the effectiveness of protection. Workflow of monitoring plans. Effects of protection on marine assemblages: sheltering, buffering, trophic cascades. Size of MPAs and effectiveness. Human frequentation. MPAs and resilience of protected communities.  Beta diversity, connectivity and MPA networks.  Enforcement e paper reserves. Socio-economic-effects of protection. Conservation costs. Compliance. 


    • supplementary material File ZIP