994SV-2 - BIODIVERSITA' E FUNZIONAMENTO DEGLI ECOSISTEMI 2020
Schema della sezione
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Lecture 2. Beta-diversity and connectivity.
Theory of islands geography, stepping stones (natural and man-made). Supply side ecology, processes affecting larval supply, dispersal in marine species. Metapolulations and metacommunities, sink-source, patch dynamics, species sorting, neutral dynamics. Beta-diversity, basic concepts, distance-decay in marine communities, ecological connectivity. Beta-diversity as variation, multivariate dispersion, effect of human impacts on marine community spatial heterogeneity and homogeneity. Turnover and nestedness in the marine environment.
https://teams.microsoft.com/l/channel/19%3a06d5fc9787a24060a2ab4aed3b525af9%40thread.tacv2/Lecture%25202_Beta-diversity%2520and%2520connectivity?groupId=d08e0b6a-56fc-43e2-8fff-301403d0e348&tenantId=a54b3635-128c-460f-b967-6ded8df82e75
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Deep sea zonation. Thermohaline circulation. Environmental fatures. Matter and energy flow. Deep sea biodiversity. Adaptations. Hydrothermal vents and cold seeps.
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Carbon cycle. Solubility pump, carbonate pump, biological pump. Microbial loop. Viral shunt. Microbial pump. Nitrogen cycles. Sulphur cycle. Trophic nets in the marine environment. Differences with terrestrial nets. Primary productivity, inverted trophic pyramid. Examples of marine trophic nets: coastal Mediterranean rocky reefs, open sea, kelp forests, coral reefs. Keystone predators, foundation species, ecosystem engineers. Top down and bottom up control. Trophic cascades. The paradigm of Mediterranean subtidal rocky reefs. Invasive predators and trophic cascades. Coral reefs and kelp forests. Bottom-up: the Baltic Sea. Bentho-pelagic coupling.
https://teams.microsoft.com/l/channel/19%3a43d30f9eea284279801db8a61209c759%40thread.tacv2/Lezione%25203_Nets%2520and%2520cycles?groupId=d08e0b6a-56fc-43e2-8fff-301403d0e348&tenantId=a54b3635-128c-460f-b967-6ded8df82e75
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Marine biodiversity at global scale. Patterns and factors affecting biodiversity its distribution. Latitude, temperature, productivity. Marine biodiversity in the last eons. Modern risk extinction and human factors driving biodiversity loss. Consequences of loss on ecosystem functioning. Ecosystem functioning and biodiversity: mechanisms, models. Functional traits. Redundancy. Match and mismatch among different facets of biodiversity. Diversity and primary and secondary productivity. Diversity and carbon flux. Diversity and stability. Diversity and invasion. Current evidence of BEF relationships. Expendable species.
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Ecosystem complexity and emergent properties. Resilience, resistance and recovery. Stability and phase shifts. Examples of marine ecosystem shifts: Aleutian Islands, Caribbean coral reefs, Great Barrier Reef, Australian kelp forests. Shifts and drivers: the Arctic, mangrove forests, Mediterranean seagrasses. Mitigation and management of shifts. Planetary boundaries.
https://teams.microsoft.com/l/channel/19%3ac7d89e00a8394d0c9bd6023b05604781%40thread.tacv2/Lecture%25205_Marine%2520ecosystem%2520dynamics?groupId=d08e0b6a-56fc-43e2-8fff-301403d0e348&tenantId=a54b3635-128c-460f-b967-6ded8df82e75
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Biodiversity, functioning, goods and services. Regulation functions. Habitat and production functions. Information functions. Valuing goods and services. Environmental accountability. Issues. Biodiversity offsetting.
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