EC11121EC2016: Risorse | Moodle@Units

Sezione	Nome	Descrizione
	121 EC Economic Geography Programme	121 EC Economic Geography Programme as inserted into the University of Trieste website
	Programme - Economic Geography	Introduction to the course of Economic Geography 2016 / 2017

Topic 1	Introduction to Economic Geography - Aoyama	Sample introductory chapter from Aoyama, Murphy and Hanson on "Key Concepts in Economic Geography", SAGE Publications, 2011 http://www.uk.sagepub.com/books/Book233185#tabview=title
	Barnes Economic Geography 2009	Barnes T. J., “Economic Geography” in Kitchin R. and Thrift N. (Editors-in-Chief), International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, 2009, ISBN: 978-0-08-044910-4, Pages 315–327 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780080449104001504 Economic geography is one of the most diverse, vibrant, and catalytic subdisciplines within human geography. It is concerned with describing and explaining the varied places and spaces in which economic activities are carried out and circulate. It was institutionalized as a subdiscipline in the late nineteenth century in both Western Europe and the United States. The first part of this article provides a history of the development of economic geography. Initially connected to projects of empire (and seen especially in its earliest form, commercial geography), economic geography has since been through a series of intellectual transformations, including a regional approach, spatial science, radical political economy, and, most recently, a ‘cultural turn’. Each new framework, however, has rarely eradicated the previous one. Rather, economic geography is more like a palimpsest, with previous versions and approaches to the discipline continuing to remain at least partially visible in present incarnations. The contemporary version of the discipline is now highly variegated, with research conducted on a wide front, and reflecting the changing and expansive character of what has increasingly become its object of study, global capitalism. Eight areas of current research within economic geography are especially notable and reviewed in the second part of this article: theory and methods; globalization and neoliberalism; firms, industry, agglomerations, and networks; innovation and high tech; labor, bodies, and work; retailing and consumption; producer services and finance; and nature and resources. Author Keywords Commercial geography; Commodity chain analysis; Cultural turn; Globalization; Industrial districts; Location theory; Multinational corporations; Neoliberalism; Spatial divisions of labor; Spatial science
	1bis - Spatial Interaction	The concepts of Spatial Interaction and the Gravitation Law is presented.
	1 - Geography and Economic Geography

Topic 2	2 - Location Theory. Introduction. Location of Agricultural Activities	Location theory is the basis for examining how and why the arrangement of cities and markets has come to be and provides the rationale for siting decision making and service allocation. The primary theoretical developments have focused on land use, industrial production, central places, and spatial competition. This theory supports various forms of locational analysis and highlights the significance of spatial proximity (Murray, 2009). Location theory implies the concept of location: n Absolute location (coordinate system). n Relative location (referring to other locations) Location theory focuses on the analysis of location decisions of firms and individuals and looks for a formulation of rules of behavior. The father of location theory is renown as John Heinrich Von Thunen (Jever, Oldemburg – East Germany 1783 - 1850). In 1826 he wrote ‘The isolated state’ in which he stated that differences in the cost of producing agricultural products depended on the differences in land location and therefore on the distance of the producing areas to the market.
	Inference of Von Thunen's Model to Continental United States	Significant improvements in transport technology took place since Von Thunen designed his agricultural land use model. For instance with rail systems, it became much more cost effective to transport agricultural commodities over longer distances. Further, refrigeration enabled to move perishable products cost-effectively over long distances. Since most of the American agricultural landscape was established in the late 19th and early 20th century, agricultural land use was much less constrained by transport costs than its European and Asian counterparts.

Topic 3	3 - Location theory - Location of industrial activities	3 - Location theory - Location of industrial activities
	Introduction to Industrial clusters	Introduction to Industrial clusters
	Italian industrial clusters and districts	Italian industrial clusters and districts
	Indian Industrial clusters	Indian Industrial clusters
	High tech industry - offices	High tech industry - offices
	See the future - Top industry clusters in 2040	The old economic order is shifting. As the global economy recovers some emerging markets are likely to grow faster than traditional economic powers. At the industry level, these shifts are even more apparent with accelerating capital flows, fundamental demographic changes, and the rise of state capitalism reshaping the world map for many sectors. PwC's Macro Consulting team has developed a tool to map future clusters across the world. This report uses this tool to highlight the geographical locations that will host the largest clusters in five industries: • Pharmaceuticals; • Automobile assembly; • Asset management; • Filmed entertainment; and • Tertiary education. The expected top locations in 2025 and 2040 are disclosed for each of these sectors highlighting key trends for the industry and how the new economic order will influence future geographical winners. Industry clusters are defined as “geographic concentrations of interconnected companies and institutions in a particular field. Clusters encompass an array of linked industries and other entities important to competition. They include, for example, suppliers of specialised inputs such as components, machinery, and services and providers of specialised infrastructure”

Topic 4	4 – Transport and location	In this lesson we will: Introduce the importance of Transport in Location; Present the factors characterizing a transport system; Examine the growth factors in transport demand; Scale of spatial organization of transport The spatial structure of transport costs Route selection issues The transport system can be conceptualized as the set of relationships between nodes, networks and the demand. These relationships involve locations spatially expressing this demand, flows between them and infrastructures designed to handle these flows. All the components of a transport system are designed to facilitate the movements of passengers, freight and information, either as separate or joint components.
	THE GEOGRAPHY OF TRANSPORT SYSTEMS	The Transport System The transport system can be conceptualized as the set of relationships between nodes, networks and the demand. These relationships involve locations spatially expressing this demand, flows between them and infrastructures designed to handle these flows. All the components of a transport system are designed to facilitate the movements of passengers, freight and information, either as separate or joint components. Copyright © 1998-2013, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography , Hofstra University, New York, USA. This material (including graphics) cannot be copied or redistributed, in whole or in part, in ANY FORM (printed or electronic) and on ANY MEDIA. For specific uses permission MUST be requested and the material must be cited.
	World Main Road Network	Although the world road network appears to be connected, it is more a collection of national networks. The only notable exceptions are Europe where there is a strategy to establish a Trans-European Network (TEN) and North America where the Canadian and American highway systems are well connected. The quality and capacity of the road infrastructure varies substantially which is reflected in transportation costs. For instance, transportation by truck is much cheaper in the United States than in China in spite of lower Chinese labor costs. While a truckload would cost about $1.10 per kilometer to be moved in the United States, it would cost about $1.75 per kilometer to be moved in China. Copyright © 1998-2013, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography , Hofstra University, New York, USA. This material (including graphics) cannot be copied or redistributed, in whole or in part, in ANY FORM (printed or electronic) and on ANY MEDIA. For specific uses permission MUST be requested and the material must be cited.
	World Rail Network and Rail Systems	With the introduction of the steam locomotive in 1829, a mechanized land transport system became available for the first time. According to the geographical settings, rail lines were established differently because of the variety of strategies to be achieved, namely access to resources, servicing regional economies and to achieve territorial control. The first railway companies were mainly point to point ventures with the company often taking the name of the serviced destinations. As the rail system expanded, several mergers took place, which lead to rather peculiar semantic result. Rail transportation is characterized by a high level of economic and territorial control since most rail companies are operating in situation of monopoly, as in Europe, or oligopoly, as in North America where seven large rail freight carriers control and operate large networks. Operating a rail system involves using regular (scheduled), but rigid, services. Rail transportation, like roads, has an important relationship with space, since it is the transport mode the most constrained by the physiography. Copyright © 1998-2013, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography , Hofstra University, New York, USA. This material (including graphics) cannot be copied or redistributed, in whole or in part, in ANY FORM (printed or electronic) and on ANY MEDIA. For specific uses permission MUST be requested and the material must be cited.
	Domains of Maritime Circulation	Maritime transportation, similar to land and air modes, operates on its own space, which is at the same time geographical by its physical attributes, strategic by its control and commercial by its usage. While geographical considerations tend to be constant in time, strategic and especially commercial considerations are much more dynamic. The physiography of maritime transportation is composed of two major elements, which are rivers and oceans. Although they are connected, each represents a specific domain of maritime circulation. The notion of maritime transportation rests on the existence of regular itineraries, better known as maritime routes. Copyright © 1998-2013, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography , Hofstra University, New York, USA. This material (including graphics) cannot be copied or redistributed, in whole or in part, in ANY FORM (printed or electronic) and on ANY MEDIA. For specific uses permission MUST be requested and the material must be cited.
	World Air Traffic Pattern over a 24 Hour Period	It was only after World War II that air transportation became the dominant mode of long-haul passenger travel in developed countries. Jet transportation facilitated the extension of the linkages between people and places, which is supported by ample evidence. In the years since the beginning of the Jet Age, commercial aircraft have advanced markedly in capacity and range. Since their introduction in the late 1950s, commercial jets have not improved in terms of speed. It is through increasingly long-haul nonstop services among an ever wider set of city-pairs rather than through increased aircraft speeds that air transportation continues to "shrink the world". After World War II aircraft were just beginning to be capable of crossing the Atlantic without stopping at intermediate places such as Newfoundland. On the animation, each dot represents one airplane. The three main markets are North America, Europe and Pacific Asia, each operating mostly during their respective daylight hours, implying that the global air transport system is constantly active. Transatlantic flights are also significant with the flights leaving Europe westbound mostly in the morning and the afternoon so that they can arrive in North America only a few hours later in local time due to time zone differences. Eastbound flight to Europe mostly leave North America in the evening so that they can arrive in Europe in the early morning.
	Evolution of Containerships	Containerized freight is commonly characterized by the movement of manufactured goods and parts from manufacturing facilities to retail activities with the whole range of distribution activities in between, such as terminals and distribution centers. T Since the beginning of containerization in the mid 1950s, containerships undertook six general waves of changes, each representing a generation of containership: A) Early containerships. The first generation B) Panamax. C) Post Panamax. D) New Panamax (NPX). E) Post New Panamax.

Topic 5	5 – Location of central places	The complexities of the real world are simplified in the model by the use of two sets of assumptions: The first is concerned with the nature of the land surface in the model region The second is concerned with the people who inhabit it Central place = a place whose prime function is the provision of a wide range of goods and services to a dispersed population around it.
	If Christaller had Google Earth	If Christaller had Google Earth
	If Christaller had Google Earth (2)	Visualizing a Map of Walter Christaller, Poland 1941

Topic 6	6 - Urban Geography
	China_population	Issues faced by Chinese increase of population.
	China_vs_India_Population	Chinese and Indian populations are increasing but are very different in their patterns and consequences of (economic) development.
	Global_Cities	Business Week examines global cities and their role in today World economic framework
	Cities and Megalopolis	Megalopolis are the most impressive sign of urban development on the Earth. Major Megalopolis also host the main nodes of economic and world decisions.
	Global cities and global wealth	An analysis of global wealth and how global cities are facing it
	Nature on Cities	The scientific journal 'Nature' explore cities, their shapes and importance on Earth

Topic 7	7 - Population Geography
	The 9 Billion people Question	Population is increasing but at a reduced pace. Population is expected to reach 9 billion people. This paper addresses the consequences of such an increase on the different aspects of human life.
	Demography - The Economist	Geographical issues connected to demography. The Economist revise such issues.
	Population changes and Economic recession	Issues related to population changes and the economic recession. The effects on economy and population.
	Another year another billion	World population has reached 7 billion people....

Topic 8	6 - Introduction to Geographic Information and Geospatial technologies (Short)	Introduction to Geographic Information and Geospatial technologies (Short)
	6 - Introduction to Geographic Information and Geospatial technologies	Introduction to Geographic Information and Geospatial technologies
	Penn State Geospatial Revolution	A project carried on by Pennsylvania State University (Penn State) for presenting geospatial technologies and their application in every day life. From smartphone to car navigation systems to military and humanitarian uses.
	OpenStreetMap - Mapping Bangalore	OpenStreetMap OpenStreetMap (OSM) is a collaborative project aimed at realizing a free map of the World. Everybody can be an editor and mapmaker of the OSM project. The project is realized by a community of users around the world thanks to the use of open (geographical) data and maps and tracks drawn using GPS receivers and edited into the OSM platform. OSM works under the same logic of ‘wiki’ or collaborative projects as Wikipedia. It started in the UK and then moved to cover all the world. A character of OSM is of being constantly in ‘beta version’ and therefore in continuous update. OSM data are often used in free applications as background maps, often to replace commercially-driven sources (as GoogleMaps or geographical data realized by private companies). The quality varies according to places and can be very detailed and better than official sources in certain locations while very low-quality in other ones. Among the benefits of OSM projects are the possibility of being rapidly used to map uncovered areas for emergency purposes (i.e., Haiti earthquake in 2010 http://hot.openstreetmap.org/projects/haiti-2) or developing countries where private companies have little interest in spending money to realize a digital cartography (i.e., Bangalore: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fpHKb-SZRh8) Links: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenStreetMap http://www.openstreetmap.org/ http://hot.openstreetmap.org/projects/haiti-2
	OpenStreetMap - New maps for Emergency. Haiti's Earthquake	OpenStreetMap OpenStreetMap (OSM) is a collaborative project aimed at realizing a free map of the World. Everybody can be an editor and mapmaker of the OSM project. The project is realized by a community of users around the world thanks to the use of open (geographical) data and maps and tracks drawn using GPS receivers and edited into the OSM platform. OSM works under the same logic of ‘wiki’ or collaborative projects as Wikipedia. It started in the UK and then moved to cover all the world. A character of OSM is of being constantly in ‘beta version’ and therefore in continuous update. OSM data are often used in free applications as background maps, often to replace commercially-driven sources (as GoogleMaps or geographical data realized by private companies). The quality varies according to places and can be very detailed and better than official sources in certain locations while very low-quality in other ones. Among the benefits of OSM projects are the possibility of being rapidly used to map uncovered areas for emergency purposes (i.e., Haiti earthquake in 2010 http://hot.openstreetmap.org/projects/haiti-2) or developing countries where private companies have little interest in spending money to realize a digital cartography (i.e., Bangalore: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fpHKb-SZRh8) Links: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenStreetMap http://www.openstreetmap.org/ http://hot.openstreetmap.org/projects/haiti-2
	Geocommons - Is the trend of unemployment rates increasing poverty rates?	This map shows the unemployment rates by states in October of 2011 and the poverty rate in the past 12 months. This map suggest that some states suffer tremendously more than others from unemployement and poverty rates than others Specifically the west suffer from this economic crisis than other parts of the United States. You can look at this map and see how each state is affected from the economic crisis! Created December 06, 2011 at 01:14 AM Updated December 08, 2011 at 02:37 AM
	GoogleMaps - mapping your own data	An example of simplified mapping and sharing via Google Mapsengine, the service provided by Google to allow craeting your own map using the GoogleMaps engine. This example displays a Geocaching path with Points of Interest realized during NEAR2013 - The North East Researchers' Night 2013 that took place in Trieste on 27 September 2013
	Geospatial market Oxera for Google (1)	Oxera report for Google on the Geospatial market value. Short summary containing Infographics
	Geospatial market Oxera for Google (2)	Oxera full report on Geospatial market for Google
	BCG report on Geospatial market	Boston Consulting Group report on the Geospatial market
	Making maps with your device: Viewranger	A cross-platform app for tracking, tracing and displaying maps and geographical feature on your portable device

Topic 9	World Map. Cities, Transport, Countries, Economic indicators	An ArcGIS on line web mapping application for helping familiarizing with GIS logic and stimulate (economic) geographic thinking.
	World major urban and GDP	Major urban areas and World GDP - realized via Geocommons